Umhlahlandlela Wesinyathelo Ngesinyathelo Wokukhetha Amalensi Amahle Engilazi
Njengomkhiqizi welensi yezibuko zamehlo, sifuna ukwabelana ngeminyaka yethu yesipiliyoni embonini nokuthi singahlukanisa kanjani ilensi enhle. Njengoba sazi, abathengi abaningi bakhetha amalensi ezibuko zamehlo ngokunganaki njengoba bekhetha amasokisi. Kodwa-ke, ikhwalithi yamalensi ayifani neyamasokisi, lapho ungahlukanisa khona okuhle nokubi ngokuthinta nje. Kukhona ukungalingani kolwazi olucacile ekhwalithini yamalensi. Lapho abathengi bethenga amalensi ezibuko zamehlo, bathembela ngokuphelele esincomweni somsizi wokuthengisa, ngokuvamile bedideka ngamagama ambalwa ochwepheshe.
Empeleni, ukwakheka kwe-optical kungenye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu zamalensi e-optical. Ukwakheka okuhle kakhulu kanye nokusebenza kahle kunquma ukuthi amalensi angafinyelela yini umphumela wokulungisa umbono olindelekile. Kodwa-ke, izimiso zokuklama ezithile zingase zingaqondakali kalula ngumphakathi jikelele, yingakho ukwakheka kwe-optical kungaba yindawo ebalulekile yokudukisa abathengi.
I. Ukuhlaziywa Kwelensi
Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo ezintathu zamalensi ezibuko zamehlo emakethe: i-resin, ingilazi, futhi I-PC (i-polycarbonate).
Amalensi e-resin adala iningi lemakethe. Nakuba ebukeka njengepulasitiki, empeleni ahlukile. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izinto zokusetshenziswa sezilokhu zilawulwa yizinkampani zakwamanye amazwe. Phakathi kwazo, i-PPG Industries ese-US, i-Mitsui Chemicals yaseJapan, i-KOC yaseNingizimu Korea, kanye ne-SOLUTION yizona ezihlinzeka kakhulu ngezinto ze-resin.
Imikhiqizo yamalensi asezingeni lomhlaba esivame ukuwabona, njengeZeiss, Essilor, Nikon, njll., ithola izinto zayo kuMitsui yaseJapan. Izibuko eziningi zibiza ikhulu elilodwa noma amabili kuphela. i-yuan Uma usebenzisa izinto ezihlinzekwa yi-KOC yaseNingizimu Korea, la malensi angathengiswa ngobuningi ngama-yuan ayishumi kuya kwamashumi amabili avela ezimbonini ezincane eDanyang.
Imininingwane eminingana eyinhloko yamalensi: Inkomba Yokubukeza, Inombolo ye-Abbe, Ukugqoka, Umklamo we-Aspheric/Spherical, futhi Imisebenzi Eyengeziwe.
1) Inkomba yokukhanya kwamalensi ingahlukaniswa kanje:
1. 50/1.55/1.60/1.67/1.74. Uma inombolo yenkomba yokukhanya ikhulu, ilensi iba ncane (njengoba kuboniswe kugrafu).
Ukuqhathaniswa Kobukhulu Belensi
(Kusetshenziswa amadigri angu-400 wamandla ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwezinkomba ezahlukene zokubheka)
Ngaphandle kwenkomba yokukhanya, ukujiya kwelensi kuthinteka futhi usayizi welensi, ibanga le-pupillary (PD), kanye nokuphakama kwe-pupillary. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthi uhlaka lugcwele noma alunawo umugqa kuzothinta ukujiya kwelensi.
Uma sicabanga ukuthi ubukhulu besikhungo selensi buyafana kuma-indices ahlukene okubuka:
Kumalensi anamandla afanayo nezinto ezifanayo, lapho inkomba yokukhanya iphakama, umphetho welensi uba mncane; ngokuphambene nalokho, uma inkomba iphansi, umphetho uba mkhulu (njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi).
 | Ilensi ye-Resin eqinisiwe engu-1.50 (Ubukhulu obuphakathi kwelensi 2.0 mm) |
 | Ilensi ye-Resin Embozwe Nge-Index Ephakathi engu-1.56 (Ubukhulu Belensi Ephakathi 1.4 mm) |
 | Ilensi ye-Resin Embozwe Ngoboya Encane Kakhulu engu-1.61 (Ubukhulu Belensi Ephakathi 1.0 mm) |
 | Ilensi ye-Resin Embozwe Nge-Index Ephakeme engu-1.67 (Ubukhulu Belensi Ephakathi 0.9 mm) |
2) Inombolo ye-Abbe yelensi nayo ingenye yezinto ezithonya ikhwalithi yelensi.
Uma inombolo ye-Abbe iphakeme, ukusabalala kombala kwehla, okungukuthi, isenzakalo sothingo sincane (njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi), kanye nokusebenza kokukhanya okungcono.
| Inkomba Yokubukeza | Izici | Inombolo ye-Abbe |
| 1.50 | Ilensi ejiyile, inombolo ye-High Abbe. Ifaneleka ukusetshenziswa kwemithi engaphansi kwama-degree angu-200 ngaphandle kwe-astigmatism. | 58 |
| 1.56 | Ilensi ejiyile, ukuqina kwezinto ezibuthaka. Ifanelekela ozimele bezibuko zamehlo ezisezingeni eliphansi kanye nozimele wezibuko zamehlo ezigcwele umngcele. | 35.5 |
| 1.60 | Ilensi encane, inombolo ephezulu ye-Abbe. Ifanelekela iningi lemithi kadokotela, ubulukhuni obuphezulu. | 40.5 |
| 1.67 | Inombolo ye-Abbe ephansi kakhulu. Khetha ngokusekelwe ku-kadokotela, efanelekile ku-kadokotela ephakathi kuya phezulu. | 31.3 |
| 1.71 | Ilensi encane, inombolo ephezulu ye-Abbe. Ifanelekela imithi kadokotela ephezulu. | 36.2 |
| 1.74 | Ilensi encane kakhulu, inombolo ephansi ye-Abbe. Ifanelekela imithi kadokotela ephezulu kakhulu. | 32.5 |
3) Izinkomba ezahlukene zokukhanya kwamalensi e-resin zihambisana nezinto zokusetshenziswa ezahlukene
1.50 Inkomba Yokubukeza: Yenziwe kakhulu nge-CR-39, ehlinzekwa yi-PPG Industries. Inenombolo ephezulu ye-Abbe, ukucaca okuhle kokubona, nombala ocacile, kodwa inzima futhi ijiyile, ithambekele ekushiseni nasekuphuzeni, futhi ilensi ithambile. Cishe kuma-degrees angu-50. ∘C, imifantu ingavela ebusweni belensi.
1.56 Inkomba Yokubukeza: Izinto zokusetshenziswa ngokuvamile ziyi-NK55, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-acrylic. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ngentengo ephansi. Intengo ephansi kakhulu ingama-10 kuphela i-yuan, kodwa inikeza ukucaca okubonakalayo okubuthakathaka, futhi ilensi iyaphuka kalula, iphuka kalula uma ibholwa ukuze kwenziwe uhlaka.
1.60 Inkomba Yokubukeza: Okwamanje kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko emakethe: eyodwa evela ku-KOC yaseNingizimu Korea kanye nenye evela ku-Mitsui yaseJapan.
• EyaseKorea iyinto eyenziwe nge-acrylic, engaqinile futhi ephuka kalula. Ngokuvamile, izibuko zithengiswa emakethe, kufaka phakathi amapulatifomu okuthenga ngamaqembu, cishe nge-1 kuya ku-200 i-yuan sebenzisa lolu hlobo lwelensi.
• EyaseJapane iningi layo yi-MR-8 polyurethane. Inenombolo ephezulu ye-Abbe, icacile kahle, futhi ifaneleka kumafreyimu angenama-rim (angena-drill-mount). Ngaphezu kwalokho, inokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, kanti ukwehluleka kokugqoka kwenzeka kuphela emazingeni okushisa angu-90.∘C.
• Ngakho-ke, uhlukanisa kanjani phakathi kwalezi zinto ezimbili? Bheka inombolo ye-Abbe: Izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-Mitsui Chemicals zinenombolo ephezulu ye-Abbe engu-40.
Izinkomba Zokubheka Okubonakalayo ezingu-1.67 kanye no-1.74: Ziyabiza, kodwa ukusebenza kwazo kokukhanya ngokuvamile kujwayelekile. Le ngxenye yemakethe ivame ukugxila kubantu abanemithi ephezulu ye-diopters engu-500 noma ngaphezulu.
II. Ukuhlaziywa Kokumboza
Okulandelayo, ake sixoxe ngezingubo zelensi. Ingubo evimbela ukukhanya yasungulwa okokuqala ngamalensi ekhamera. Ezigabeni zokuqala, ayizange ixazulule inkinga yokukhanya okukhanyayo. Kwaze kwaba ngo-1950 lapho uZeiss ethula izingubo ezivimbela ukukhanya lapho ubuchwepheshe bathuthuka ngokushesha. Abanye abantu bangase baqaphele ukuthi amanye amalensi ezibuko zamehlo abonisa ukukhanya kanti amanye awabonisi. Lokhu empeleni kungenxa yokugqoka. Ingubo evimbela ukukhanya ingakuthuthukisa ngempumelelo lokhu futhi ifinyelele umphumela ongabonisi ukukhanya. Kodwa iyini ngempela ingubo? Kuyinqubo yokunamathelisa izingqimba eziningi ezincane, amakhulu amaningana ama-nanometer ubukhulu (cishe u-1% ubukhulu bezinwele zomuntu), ebusweni belensi. Ingubo ivame ukwenziwa nge-physical vapor deposition (PVD) ngaphakathi kwegumbi le-vacuum, okuyinqubo yokushisa izinto zokugqoka ekushiseni kwayo kokuhwamuka endaweni ye-vacuum bese ifakwa kwi-substrate yelensi, efana nendlela amaconsi amanzi ahlangana ngayo engilazini ebekwe phezu kwamanzi abilayo.
III. Umklamo Wokumboza
Empeleni, uma kunezendlalelo eziningi zokumboza, kulapho umphumela wokulwa nokukhanya ungatholakala khona. Kodwa-ke, ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni kuhilela ukulinganisela ukusebenza nezindleko zokukhiqiza. Ingabe kungcono kakhulu ukukhokha intengo ephindwe kayishumi yokudluliswa kokukhanya okungu-99.9% noma ukwamukela ukudluliswa okuvamile okungu-99%? Ngokwazi kwethu, ukwakheka okuklanywe kakhulu okusetshenziswa embonini yizendlalelo ezi-4 kuya kwezi-7 (zengxenye yezendlalelo ze-optical). Uma izendlalelo zokumboza zingaphakathi kwalolu hlu, ukusebenza kwezindleko kuphakeme kakhulu. Nakuba izendlalelo eziningi zinganikeza imiphumela engcono, ukwakheka esivame ukukusebenzisa manje akubandakanyi lezo zendlalelo ezisebenzayo, njengokungangeni manzi kanye nokungaguquguquki.
Ngakho-ke, uwakhetha kanjani amalensi anokukhanya okuphezulu? Ngokuvamile, lapho ukukhanya kukhanya, ukukhanya kukhanya kakhulu. Amalensi amaningi ezibuko zamehlo asebenzisa upende oluhlaza. Upende oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (ngaphandle kwamalensi avimba ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) awavamile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukukhanya okuphansi kwenza ukulawula ukukhiqiza kube nzima kakhulu. Kufana nendlela izingubo ezinombala okhanyayo ezibonisa ngayo ukungcola kalula. Noma yikuphi ukushiyeka kubonakala ngokushesha, okuholela emiphumeleni emibi yokubona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangaki abantu abazimisele ukutshala imali ephindwe kabili (nemali) ukuze bafinyelele lokho kuthuthuka kokugcina okungu-1% kwikhwalithi yokudlulisa ukukhanya?
Okokugcina, nazi ezimbalwa amaphuzu ayisihluthulelo ukufingqa wonke umuntu:
1) Uma inkomba yokubona iphakeme, ilensi iba ncane. Uma kunemiyalelo engaphansi kwama-diopters angu-600, kunconywa ilensi yenkomba engu-1.60. Uma kunemiyalelo engaphezu kwama-diopters angu-600, kunconywa u-1.74, kulandelwe u-1.67.
2) Ngezinto zelensi, izinto ezinikezwa yiMitsui yaseJapan zinconywa njengokukhetha kokuqala.
3) Uma ulwelwesi lwelensi luncipha, ukudluliselwa kokukhanya kuyanda. Ngokwethiyori, uma izingqimba zolwelwesi zijiyile futhi ziningi, kulapho zingcono khona; ilensi izoba namandla okumelana nokuklwebheka futhi ingangeni manzi, kanti nezinye izakhiwo zizoba ngcono.
4) Ukukhetha uhlobo lomkhiqizo olunedumela elihle kuyalulekwa.