Amalensi Okulwa Nokukhathala: Ingabe Afanele Wonke Umuntu
Uma usesha ku-inthanethi ukuthi ayini amalensi okulwa nokukhathala, uhlangana nemibono lapho abantu bephikisana khona, njengokuthi "Ngokuyisisekelo bangabantu abathuthukayo abancane", "Bayinkohliso", "Bayasebenza ngempela", njalo njalo. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngokuthi ayini amalensi okulwa nokukhathala nokuthi afanelekela obani.
Ayini amalensi alwa nokukhathala?
Amalensi okulwa nokukhathala agcina umuthi wakho wokuqala we-myopia/hyperopia engxenyeni engenhla yelensi ukuze ubone ibanga, ngenkathi enezela amandla amancane (ngokuvamile kusuka ku-+0.50D kuya ku-+1.00D) engxenyeni engezansi yelensi. Ngokungafani nama-bifocal, lokhu okuncane indawo yokukhulisa amandla yakhelwe ilensi yokubona okukodwa, okudala ushintsho olubushelelezi ukusuka ebangeni ukuya embonweni oseduze ukuze kuncishiswe umthwalo wokulungisa iso lapho amehlo akho eshintshela emisebenzini eseduze. Le ndawo encane ihlukile emandleni abalulekile engeziwe elensi eqhubekayo noma ye-bifocal. Ngakho-ke, amalensi okulwa nokukhathala asabhekwa njengamalensi okubona okukodwa; ngezinye izikhathi abizwa ngokuthi amalensi okubona okukodwa athuthukisiwe.
Amalensi okulwa nokukhathala aklanyelwe ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka okungokomzimba emehlweni okubangelwa umsebenzi ohlala isikhathi eside oseduze, njengokusebenzisa ama-smartphone noma amakhompyutha. Uma ubheka phansi efonini yakho noma encwadini, ngokwemvelo bheka ngale ndawo "yokukhulisa" ephansi. Umphumela omncane wokukhulisa usiza ekunciphiseni umthwalo womsebenzi wokugxila, ovumela imisipha yamehlo akho ukuba iphumule.
Amalensi okulwa nokukhathala asetshenziswa ngobani?
1. Ama-presbyopes okuqala kanye nabasebenzisi abakhulu besikrini
• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-35 ubudala abane-presbyopia yangaphambi kwesikhathi: Ziqala ukuzizwa ziqinile futhi zibuhlungu uma zibheka eduze, uma nje zingenayo i-exophoria ebalulekile (ukungahambisani kahle kwamehlo angaphandle) ezindaweni eziseduze.
• “Abasebenzisi besikrini” abasebasha abaseminyakeni yabo yamashumi amabili: Intsha echitha isikhathi eside kumakhompyutha noma kumaselula futhi ibhekana nokucindezeleka kwamehlo kwedijithali naphezu kweminyaka yayo, uma nje ukuqondisa kwamehlo ayo kuvamile.
2. Intsha eseduze kakhulu
Kwabasha abanemisebenzi eminingi yokufunda noma yokubukela isikrini, amalensi okulwa nokukhathala anciphisa isidingo sokwamukela, anciphise ukucindezeleka kwamehlo kwangaphakathi. Amalensi angabavimbela futhi ekuthambekeleni eduze kakhulu nezincwadi, okusiza ekulawuleni i-myopia.
3. Abantu Abanesikhathi Sokuhlala Esiphansi
Uma amandla okugxila kwamehlo engakwazi ukuhambisana nemisebenzi eseduze, isithombe siwela ngemuva kwe-retina (i-lag), okungasheshisa ukuqhubeka kwe-myopia. Kulabo ababambezeleka kokwamukela (ikakhulukazi intsha), amandla e-ADD kumalensi okulwa nokukhathala angathuthukisa ukugxila futhi anciphise i-hyperopic defocus, ngaleyo ndlela anciphise ukukhula kwe-myopia. (Qaphela: Uma i-lag ibangelwa ukungakwazi ukwamukela, ukuqeqeshwa kokubona kungadingeka.)
4. Iziguli ezine-exotropia encane
Uma i-exophoria eseduze nebanga ingaphakathi komkhawulo owamukelekayo (isb., ngaphansi kwama-diopters angu-6 e-prism) kanye Isilinganiso se-AC/A (Accommodative Convergence/Accommodation) iphansi, udokotela wamehlo angase ancome la malensi uma amandla e-ADD engabonakali engabangela ukungahambisani okukhulu.
Ishadi elingezansi libonisa izinhlobo zamalensi okulwa nokukhathala kanye nabantu abafanelekayo:
| Izinhlobo Zelensi | Engeza Amandla | Kuhle kakhulu |
| Ilensi Yamandla Engeziwe Ephansi | +0.50D | Yenzelwe ngqo abafundi kanye nabantu abadala abasebasha (abaneminyaka engu-18-30) ngokusetshenziswa kwesikrini okulinganiselwe. |
| Ilensi Yamandla Engeziwe Ephakathi | +0.75D | Kubasebenzisi bedijithali “abasindayo” kanye nalabo abane-presbyopia encane (abaseminyakeni yabo yo-30), abavame ukuzwa ukukhathala kwamehlo okubonakalayo ekupheleni kosuku, lokhu kuyindlela evame kakhulu. |
| Ilensi Yamandla Engeziwe Kakhulu | +1.00D | Kubantu abaseminyakeni yabo yokuphela kwengu-30 noma ekuqaleni kwengu-40 abasondela esidingweni samalensi aphelele aqhubekayo kodwa abangakafinyeleli kuleso sigaba okwamanje. |
Amaqembu alandelayo abantu kufanele aqaphele noma abagweme ngokuphelele:
1. Ukuphikisana okuyinhloko kungokwe- labo abane-exophoria ebalulekile.
Uma i-hypermetropic exotropia idlula kakhulu futhi i-positive fusional vergence inganele ukugcina ukulingana, ukugqoka amalensi okulwa nokukhathala ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo kungaphumuza kakhulu indawo yokuhlala futhi kunciphise ukuhlangana, kukhulise i-exophoria, okungase kubangele ukubona kabili noma ukungakhululeki okukhulu. Ezimweni ezinjalo, la malensi ayingozi kakhulu kunokuba asize.
2. Abantu abahlushwa yi-spasm yokuhlala
Uma ukuthola kunzima ukukhulula imisipha yakho egxile, ukukhushulwa okwengeziwe kwala malensi kungenza izimpawu zakho zibe zimbi kakhulu.
3. I-anisometropia ebalulekile
Umehluko omkhulu wemithi phakathi kwamehlo amabili ungase ungavumelani kahle.
4. Abantu abanombono we-binocular ongazinzile
Uma amehlo akho enezinkinga zokubona eziyinkimbinkimbi, akukhuthazwa ukusebenzisa amalensi okulwa nokukhathala.
Isincomo Esiyinhloko:
Amalensi okulwa nokukhathala ayingcezu yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu bokubona, kodwa ayi- "inkemba esika nhlangothi zombili." Kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi uhlolwe ngokuphelele ngudokotela wamehlo ochwepheshe. Isinqumo sokuzigqoka kufanele sisekelwe kulokho okubonayo amapharamitha okubona nge-binocular (njengokuqondanisa amehlo, isilinganiso se-AC/A, kanye nekhono lokwamukela/lokuhlangana) kunokuthenga ngokungaboni.