Ukukhetha Izibuko Ezifanele Zokulawula I-Myopia
Kulezi zinsuku, izingane zihlola umhlaba ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene kakhulu, ngezincwadi zezithombe, amakhompyutha, amaphilisi... okuholela ekusebenziseni amehlo kakhulu, okwenza zithambekele ekutholeni i-myopia. Ngokusho kwedatha evela kwi-National Disease Control and Prevention Bureau ngo-2022, izinga le-myopia phakathi kwezingane nentsha eShayina lingu-51.9%. Nakuba i-myopia ingenakulungiseka, kusenezindlela eziningi zokusiza izingane ukuthi zibone ngokucacile futhi zinciphise nokuqhubeka kwe-myopia.
Kodwa-ke, lapho abazali bethola ukuthi ingane yabo inenkinga yokubona izinto ezingabonakali, abaningi banemibuzo efana nale: Ingabe ukugqoka izibuko kuzoholela ekuthembeleni ekuboneni? Ungakulawula kanjani ukwanda kwama-diopters? Ngaphandle kokunciphisa imikhiqizo kagesi, yini enye engenziwa? Ngaphambi kokuphendula le mibuzo, kumele siqale siqonde isakhiwo somzimba seso lengane.
Uma umntwana ezalwa, inhlamvu yeso isesimweni se-hyperopic, okuyi-physiological hyperopia, eyaziwa nangokuthi "i-hyperopic reserve." Njengoba iminyaka ikhula, ubude be-axial yeso buyashintsha, kanti ne-hyperopic reserve nayo iyashintsha.
Ngokusho kwe-"Expert Consensus on Reference Intervals for Hyperopic Reserve, Axial Length, Corneal Curvature, and Related Genetic Factors in Chinese School-Aged Children (2022)": Isilinganiso se-hyperopic reserve sezingane ezineminyaka engu-6 ubudala singu-1.38 D, futhi kamuva, i-hyperopic reserve yehla ngesilinganiso esimaphakathi esingu-0.14-0.15 D ngonyaka, ingena ebangeni lokubuyisa i-emmetropia (0.50 D) eneminyaka engu-12. (Qaphela: U-D ubhekisela ku-Diopter; "D" elandelwa uphawu lokuhlanganisa (+) ikhombisa i-hyperopia, isibonelo, +2.50D ikhombisa i-hyperopia yama-degree angu-250; "D" elandelwa uphawu lokususa (-) ikhombisa i-myopia, isibonelo, -2.00D ikhombisa i-myopia yama-degree angu-200.)
Amanani anconyiwe okugcina i-hyperopia ngemva kwe-cycloplegia ezinganeni nasebancane
| Ubudala(Y) | Amanani anconyiwe okugcina i-hyperopia ngemva kwe-cycloplegia(D) |
| 3 | +2.64 |
| 4 | +2.45 |
| 5 | +2.26 |
| 6 | +2.08 |
| 7 | +1.74 |
| 8 | +1.49 |
| 9 | +1.24 |
| 10 | +1.04 |
| 11 | +0.95 |
| 12 | +0.73 |
| 13 | +0.46 |
| 14 | +0.17 |
| 15 | -0.13 |
| 16 | -0.35 |
| 17 | -0.50 |
| 18 | - |
| Qaphela: Amanani anconyiwe atholakala ngemva kwe-cycloplegia ngamaconsi wamehlo e-cyclopentolate hydrochloride angu-1%. | |
Njengoba iminyaka ikhula, ubude be-axial yengane buzokhula bube nobude obujwayelekile, bushintshe kusukela ku-hyperopia kuya ku-"hyperopia enyamalalayo." Ngemva kokuba ubude be-axial bukhule bube nobude obujwayelekile, ukukhula okwengeziwe kungaholela kalula ku-myopia.
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukukhula kobude be-axial kugqama kakhulu ezinganeni ezinesifo sofuba phakathi kweminyaka emi-3 ngaphambi kokuqala kwe-myopia kanye neminyaka emi-5 ngemva kokuqala kwe-myopia, kanti ubude be-axial bukhula ngokushesha ngonyaka ngaphambi kokuqala kwe-myopia. Uma ungafuni ukuthi i-myopia yengane yakho iqhubeke nokuba yimbi, udinga ukulawula ukukhula kobude be-axial.
Kukhona amalensi athile emakethe asebenzisa ozimele bezibuko abaklanywe ngokukhethekile, njengamalensi okuklama i-defocus. Uma kuqhathaniswa namalensi avamile, lawa malensi angabambezela ukukhula kobude be-axial.
Okokuqala, ngifuna ukukutshela ukuthi ukugqoka amalensi ombono owodwa kungcono kunokungagqoki izibuko, futhi ukugqoka amalensi e-defocus kungcono kunokugqoka amalensi ombono owodwa ojwayelekile. Isimiso samalensi e-defocus sivela kumbono wokuncintisana we-defocus. Uma ingane ibheka eduze kwezinto noma isikhathi eside kakhulu, indawo egxile kuyo iwela ngemuva kwe-retina, yakha "i-hyperopic defocus" ekhuthaza i-myopia, ikhiqize isignali yokunciphisa ukukhula kobude be-axial, ngaleyo ndlela ifeze umphumela wokunciphisa ijubane lokuthuthukiswa kwe-myopia. Amalensi e-Defocus aklanywe ngokusekelwe kulesi simiso angakhiqiza izimpawu ezikhethekile zokukhanya endaweni engaphandle ngenkathi egcina amandla acacile aphakathi, ngaleyo ndlela akha izimpawu ze-myopic defocus futhi afeze umphumela wokunciphisa ijubane lokuthuthukiswa kwe-myopia.
Izifundo zibonise ukuthi amalensi asebenzisa izimiso zobuchwepheshe ezihlobene asebenza kahle ekulawuleni i-myopia. Uma kuqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo evamile yokubona okukodwa, izinga lokunciphisa ukukhula kwe-axial length lifinyelela ku-51% kuya ku-62%.
Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokufaka izingane amalensi e-defocus, kusadingeka ukugcina imikhuba emihle yamehlo, ukwandisa isikhathi sokusebenza ngaphandle, nokwakha irekhodi eliphelele lokuthuthukiswa kokubona ukuze kubambezeleke ukwanda kwe-myopia kangcono.
I-Myopia ayinakuguqulwa, ikakhulukazi emindenini enezingane ezine-myopia ezisesigabeni sokukhula nentuthuko, abazali kufanele benze umsebenzi omuhle ekuphatheni ngemva kwe-myopia. Ukukhetha uphawu lochwepheshe kanye nokufaka izibuko ezifanele izingane kunganciphisa ukwanda kwezinga lazo, ukuze zikwazi ukuhlola umhlaba kangcono.