Ukulinganisa ubude beso le-axial ukuze kuqashwe ukuqhubeka kwe-myopia.

I-Myopia iyindlela yokuvalelisa engenakuguqulwa. Uma ingane isithole i-myopia, ngokuvamile ayiguquki futhi idinga izibuko ukuze ibone kahle, ibeke ungqimba lwe- amalensi, kukhulu noma kuncane, phakathi kwabo nomhlaba.

Ngokusho kwephepha lika-2022 elanyatheliswa kuyi-JAMA Ophthalmology, i-myopia ikhula ngokushesha ezinganeni, kulapho amathuba okuba ne-myopia ephezulu eba mdala ekhuphuka khona. Ngaphandle kokungenelela, uma iqhubekela phambili ibe yi-myopia ephezulu, okuhlangenwe nakho okuningi okujabulisayo kungadingeka kuyekwe, njenge-riding roller coaster, ukugibela i-free-fall, ukuntywila, kanye neminye imidlalo eyingozi. Okubaluleke kakhulu, kungathinta nokuthuthuka kwezemfundo!

Nakuba ukuqala kwe-myopia kungenakuguqulwa, kukhona ukuhlolwa okukodwa okungafakwanga ku-optometry ejwayelekile okungasisiza ukubikezela ukuqala kwe-myopia nokuhlola ngempumelelo ukuqhubeka kwayo ngombono ohlukile. Lokho ukulinganisa ubude be-axial (AXL).

Ubudlelwano phakathi kobude be-axial kanye ne-myopia.

Sivame ukuqhathanisa iso nekhamera, kanti ubude be-axial bulingana ne-axis ephakathi yale divayisi. Ubude be-axial bubhekisela ebangeni elivela ku-cornea (elifana nengilazi yelensi yekhamera) ngokusebenzisa ilensi nomzimba we-vitreous (ofana nelensi yekhamera) kuya ku-retina (efana nefilimu yekhamera).

Ungalithathi kancane leli banga, ngoba abantu abaningi babhekana ne-axial myopia ebangelwa ukwanda kobude be-axial. Kubantu abane-myopia, amandla okubuka iso anqunywa amandla okubuka i-cornea, amandla okubuka ilensi, kanye nobude be-axial. Noma yiluphi ushintsho kulezi zinhlaka ezintathu lungaholela ekushintsheni kwezinga le-myopia. Ngakho-ke, kuphela uma lezi zinhlaka zilinganisela lapho ukukhanya kungagxila ngokuphelele kwi-retina, okuholela ekuboneni okucacile. Uma ubude be-axial beso sebude kakhulu, ibhalansi yokubuka iyaphazamiseka, futhi isithombe sento esiyibonayo sigxile phambi kwe-retina kunokuba sigxile kwi-retina, okuholela ekuboneni okufiphele, okuholela ku-axial myopia.

Ake siqale sibheke ukwanda kwama-diopters okuhambisana nokwanda okungu-1 mm kobude be-axial eminyakeni ehlukene: enganeni eneminyaka engu-6 ubudala, uma ubude be-axial bukhuphuka ngo-1 mm ngalowo nyaka, ukwanda okufanayo kwe-myopia kungaba ama-diopters angu-291; nokho, enganeni eneminyaka engu-7 ubudala, ukwanda okufanayo okungu-1 mm kobude be-axial kuzohambisana nokwanda kwama-diopters angu-285 kuphela. Ngakho-ke, ukunwebeka kwe-axial okusheshayo kakhulu kuyimbangela eyinhloko ye-progressive myopia. Ukuze sibhekane nalokhu, singenza ukuhlolwa kobude be-axial, okuthatha imizuzwana embalwa kuphela, ukuze siqaphe ngokunembile izinguquko zobude be-axial futhi singenelele ekuqhubekeni kwe-myopia.

Kuleli qophelo, ungase ubuze: uma sifuna ukuvimbela i-myopia, ingabe lokho kusho ukuthi sidinga ukuyeka ukunwebeka kobude be-axial? Njengokuphakama, ubude be-axial beso bukhula kancane kancane futhi bunwebeka njengoba umuntu ekhula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho umuntu esemncane, ubude be-axial bukhula ngokushesha, kuze kube yilapho buzinzile lapho esemdala. Abantu abadala akufanele bathathe izingozi—izikhathi ezinde zemisebenzi yokubona eseduze, njengokubuka omakhalekhukhwini, zisengaholela ekunwebekeni okuqhubekayo kwe-axial.

Ezinganeni kanye nentsha esesigabeni sokukhula nentuthuko, iminyaka ephakathi kuka-8-13 iba yisikhathi esiphezulu somsebenzi wokubona. Indawo yokubona phakathi nalesi sikhathi ihluke kakhulu kuneyangaphambili, okwenza kube yisikhathi sokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwe-myopia. Ngakho-ke abazali kufanele bakhethe izibhedlela noma izikhungo zamehlo ezinekhono lokulinganisa ubude be-axial lochwepheshe ukuze bahlolwe amehlo ezingane zabo njalo futhi bagcine amarekhodi aqhubekayo obude be-axial kanye neminye imininingwane ehlobene nokubona.

Ubude be-axial yeso kufanele bulinganiswe kangaki?

● Ezinganeni esezivele zine-myopia, ukuhlolwa kwamehlo kungenziwa njalo ezinyangeni ezi-3;
● Kubantwana abangakabi ne-myopia, kunconywa ukuthi benze ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo ezinyangeni ezi-3 kuya kwezi-6.

Uma ingane ine-myopia futhi igqoka izibuko, kuyalulekwa futhi ukuthi icabangele ukulungisa uhlelo lokuphatha i-myopia ngokusebenzisa amalensi asebenza kahle anemiklamo ekhethekile ukuphatha ngempumelelo ukuqhubeka kwe-myopia.