Ukuzalwa Kwamalensi Enkomba angu-1.56
Amalensi angu-1.56 index awawona umkhiqizo owodwa owasungulwa yinkampani ethile, kodwa ayisigaba ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bezinto zezibuko zamehlo. Ukuvela kwawo kuhlobene kakhulu nokuthuthukiswa kwamalensi epulasitiki. Ukuze siqonde umongo wokuthuthukiswa kwawo, sidinga ukuwabuka emlandweni obanzi wokuvela kwezinto ezibonakalayo zezibuko zamehlo:
1. Ukuthuthuka Kwezobuchwepheshe Kwango-1986: Ukuqeda Ukubusa Kwe-CR-39
Ngawo-1940, amalabhorethri e-American Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) asungula CR-39 (inkomba yokuqhekeka engu-1.50), into ye-resin eyahlala ingumholi ongaphikiswana ngayo emakethe yamalensi epulasitiki omhlaba wonke amashumi eminyaka. Kodwa-ke, njengoba inani labantu ababona eduze landa, ukushiyeka kokuthi i-CR-39 "ikhulu kakhulu" kwabonakala kakhulu.
Ngo-1986, izinkampani ezimbili emhlabeni jikelele (ikakhulukazi izinkampani ezinkulu zaseMelika ezisebenza ngokukhanya kanye nama-laboratory e-resin catalyst) zakhulisa ngempumelelo i-refractive index yaba ngu-1.56 ngokungenisa amaqembu athile asebenzayo ezintanjeni zama-molecule e-acrylic noma ama-polyurethane organic resins. Ngalowo nyaka, u-1.56 wethulwa ngokusemthethweni njengesizukulwane sokuqala samalensi epulasitiki "aphakathi nendawo/aphezulu" emlandweni wesintu.
2. Ingqikithi Yezinto Ezisetshenziswayo: I-NK-55 Yakudala
Izinto zokuqala ze-substrate ezisetshenziswe kumalensi angu-1.56 zazinegama lekhodi elaziwayo: NK-55 (ngenxa yenombolo yazo ye-Abbe evame ukuba phakathi kuka-35-38 kanye nenkomba yokubuyisa engu-1.55-1.56).
Ngokungafani nezinto zakamuva ezifana ne-1.60 (MR-8 eyathuthukiswa yiMitsui Chemicals), le nto yayingenabo ukuqina okuphelele.
Empeleni, i-1.56 yayiyi-resin ye-acrylic eguquliwe eyayiqinile futhi iphuka kalula. Nakuba ukumelana kwayo nomthelela kwakuphakathi kuphela futhi imiphetho yayo yayithambekele ekuqhekekeni, yayinenzuzo eyodwa eqinisekile: ukwakheka kwayo kwama-molecule kwakulula kakhulu, okwenza ukuba ifaneleke kakhulu ekubunjweni nasekukhiqizweni kokufakelwa okukhulu.
3. IJapan neTaiwan: Ushintsho Olukhulu Kwezobuchwepheshe Nemakethe
Nakuba lo mqondo kanye nemikhiqizo yokuqala kwazalelwa eYurophu nase-United States, imakethe yaseNtshonalanga yasheshe yahlangabezana nezithiyo zomthetho. Ngo-1972, i-US FDA yaqalisa ukumelana okuqinile nokushayisana Ukuhlolwa Kwebhola Eliwisiwe imithethonqubo yamalensi engilazi. Ukuphuka kancane kwezinto ezingu-1.56 kwenza kwaba nzima ukuzisebenzisa ngokuphephile kumafreyimu angenama-rim kulo lonke elaseYurophu naseMelika.
Ngenxa yalokho, ubuchwepheshe be-1.56 kancane kancane bathuthela e-Asia:
Izinkampani zaseJapan ezifana neHoya Corporation kanye neNikon zathuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokumboza kanye nokulungiswa kokukhanya kwalezi zinto ze-medium-index ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1980, zibhekana nezinkinga ezifana nokusabalala kwe-chromatic (umngcele wothingo olubangelwa amanani aphansi e-Abbe) kanye nokumelana nokuklwebheka.
Ngawo-1990, izimboni zamalensi eTaiwan, eShayina zaqala ukudlulisela ubuchwepheshe futhi zaqala ukusebenzisa abasebenzi abashibhile kanye namasu okubumba ayinkimbinkimbi ukuze kuncishiswe kakhulu izindleko zokukhiqiza zamalensi angu-1.56.
4. I-Danyang, eShayina: "Indawo Eqhakaza Kakhulu" engu-1.56
Uma "isitifiketi sokuzalwa" samalensi angu-1.56 sabhalwa e-United States, khona-ke ukukhula kwabo kwangempela kwezimboni ngokungangabazeki kwenzeka eDanyang, eJiangsu, eShayina.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21, izwekazi laseShayina (ikakhulukazi iDanyang) laphumelela futhi lamukela inqubo ephelele yokukhiqiza amalensi e-resin angu-1.56, kwakha umphumela omangalisayo weqembu lezimboni. Ngenxa yenani elikhulu labantu baseShayina ababona eduze kanye nemakethe yabathengi ebucayi kakhulu ngentengo, iDanyang yehlise izindleko zokukhiqiza amalensi angu-1.56 zaba amazinga aphansi ngendlela emangalisayo.
Lokhu kwaguqula u-1.56 waba "ilensi yabantu" yangempela, eyathunyelwa emuva eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, eNingizimu ye-Asia, kanye nezimakethe ze-optical ezisezingeni eliphansi kuya kwelephakathi emhlabeni jikelele.
Isifinyezo
Amalensi angu-1.56 aqala ukwakhiwa e-United States ngo-1986 njengendlela yokushintsha i-CR-39. Nakuba engazange athole ukuthandwa kabanzi ezimakethe zawo zasekhaya zaseYurophu nase-United States, aba yinto yakudala eyashintsha izindleko zezibuko zamehlo zabantu abangamakhulu ezigidi emhlabeni wonke njengoba uchungechunge lokunikezwa kwezimpahla e-Asia luthuthuka.