Kungani Izibuko Zelanga Ezine-Polarized Zenza Kube Nzima Ukuzibona Ezimotweni?

Lapho beshayela ehlobo, abantu abaningi bakhetha ukugqoka izibuko zelanga ukuze bagweme ukukhanya okukhulu okuvela elangeni. Kodwa-ke, kwenzeka into evamile: ngemva kokugqoka izibuko zelanga ezigobile, isithombe se-Head-Up Display (HUD) siba mnyama noma singabonakali nhlobo, sibuyele esimweni esijwayelekile uma izibuko zelanga sezikhumuliwe. Lokhu akuyona inkinga yemoto, kodwa kuyinselele evamile embonini ezingeni lokukhanya. Namuhla, sizochaza ngokuhlelekile ukuthi kungani ama-HUD engazisekeli izibuko zelanga ezimibalabala nokuthi singayixazulula kanjani le nkinga.

Ukuze siqonde ukuthi kungani ama-HUD engahambisani nezibuko zelanga ezimbozwe nge-polarized, sidinga kuqala ukuqonda izihloko ezintathu eziyinhloko: kuyini ukukhanya okupholishiwe, umgomo wokusebenza wezibuko zelanga, futhi isimiso sokuthwebula izithombe sama-HUD.

1. Kuyini ukukhanya okupholishiwe?

Okokuqala, njengoba sazi, ukukhanya kuyigagasi likagesi elakhiwe ngamasimu kagesi namagnetic anyakazisa ngokuqondene, kanye nesiqondiso sawo sokusabalala siqondene nesiqondiso sokudlidliza sawo womabili amasimu. Ekukhanyeni kwemvelo, amavektha ensimu kagesi asatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ngaphakathi kwendiza ngokuqondene nesiqondiso sokusabalala kokukhanya, futhi amandla okudlidliza ohlangothini ngalunye ayalingana. Lolu hlobo lokukhanya lubizwa ngokuthi ukukhanya okungavulwanga (noma ukukhanya kwemvelo).

Uma ukudlidliza kwevektha yensimu kagesi ohlangothini oluthile kubusa noma kukhombisa isimo sokudlidliza esijwayelekile, ukukhanya okuhlanganisiwe kukhiqizwa. Cabanga ngokukhanya kwemvelo njengeqembu lezingane ezigijima ngokukhululeka enkundleni yokudlala, kuyilapho ukukhanya okuhlanganisiwe kumele labo bantwana abahamba kahle beqonde ohlangothini olulodwa.

Ngokusekelwe ezicini zayo, ukukhanya okuhlanganisiwe kuhlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili: ukukhanya okuqondile okuhlanganisiwe, ukukhanya okugobile okune-elliptically polarized, futhi ukukhanya okujikelezayo okune-polarized:

• Ukukhanya Okuphakanyiswe Ngomugqa: Isiqondiso sevektha kagesi sihlala singaguquguquki ngenkathi ubukhulu baso bushintshashintsha, sakha umzila oqondile. Njengoba sisakazeka, isiqondiso sevektha sihlala sizinzile kuyilapho ubukhulu baso buhlukahluka ngokushintsha kwesigaba. Endaweni eqondile nesiqondiso sokusakazeka, umzila we-endpoint yevektha yokukhanya wakha umugqa oqondile.
• Ukukhanya Okuvundlile Okujikelezayo: Ubukhulu bevektha yokukhanya buhlala bunjalo ngenkathi isiqondiso sayo sishintsha njalo, sakha umzila ojikelezayo. Lokhu kuphumela esindilinga esiphelele endizeni esiqonde ngqo ekusakazekeni.
• Ukukhanya Okuvundlile Okune-Elliptically: Ihlanganisa izici zokwehlukaniswa okuqondile nokujikelezayo; ngesikhathi sokusabalala, ubukhulu kanye nesiqondiso sevektha yokukhanya kushintsha njalo, kulandele i-ellipse endizeni eqondile ekusabalaleni.

Ukukhanya kwe-P kanye nokukhanya kwe-S

Uma ukukhanya okuqondile noma okwemvelo kushaya ubuso bendlela ecacile (njengengilazi, amanzi, noma izibuko) bese kuboniswa futhi kukhanye, izici zayo zokuvuleka ziyashintsha, futhi izingxenye ezivuleka ngezindlela ezahlukene ziyahluka phakathi kokukhanya okubuyiselwe emuva nokukhanya okubonakalayo. Ukuze sikuchaze kangcono lokhu, sethula Ukukhanya kwe-P futhi Ukukhanya kwe-S:

• Ukukhanya kwe-P (Okufanayo): Isiqondiso se-polarization sihambisana nendawo yokwenzeka kwayo (indiza eyakhiwe yi-incident ray kanye nendawo evamile).
• Ukukhanya okungu-S (Okuqondile): Isiqondiso se-polarization siqonde ngqo endaweni lapho kwenzeka khona.

Lapha, I-Angle kaBrewster kumele kukhulunywe ngakho. Uma ukukhanya kushaya ingilazi nge-engeli yokwenzeka cishe 56°, cishe konke ukukhanya kwe-P kuyaphenduka futhi kudlule engilazini, lapho ukukhanya kusondela ku-0; ukukhanya kwe-S kuphela okungakha ukukhanya okuphumelelayo. Iningi lokukhanya okuphuphuthekisayo okukhiqizwa ubuso bomgwaqo namanzi yi-S-light. Ngakho-ke, izimboni ezifana nezibuko zelanga ezihlanganisiwe kanye nezithombe zisebenzisa lesi simiso ukuqeda ukukhanya okuphuphuthekisayo nokukhanya okuphambukile.

2. Isimiso Sokusebenza Sezibuko Zelanga

Izibuko zelanga ezithengiswayo njengamanje zihlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: izibuko zelanga ezingezona ezi-polarized kanye nezibuko zelanga ezi-polarized.

• Izibuko Zelanga Ezingenawo Ama-Polarized (Izibuko Zelanga Ezijwayelekile): Umsebenzi oyinhloko ukuvimba ukukhanya okunamandla nokuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okuyisisekelo kwe-UV. Zisebenza ngokufaka impuphu yensimbi noma ezinye izinto kumalensi ajwayelekile ukuhlunga ukukhanya okukhanyayo nokuvimbela ukukhanya kwelanga ukuthi kuphazamise umbono.
• Izibuko Zelanga Ezihlanganisiwe: Umsebenzi oyinhloko ukunciphisa umthelela wokukhanya okukhanyayo, ukukhanya okuhlakazekile, kanye nokukhanya okuphindiwe emehlweni. Ngokusekelwe kulokho okwenziwa yiBrewster, ungqimba oluthile oluhlukanisayo lufakwa kulensi ukuze kuhlungwe ukukhanya okukhanyayo, okuhlakazekile, kanye nokukhanya okuphindiwe. Lolu ngqimba olukhethekile lunciphisa ngempumelelo ukukhanya okukhanyayo okuvundlile, okuthuthukisa induduzo yokubona.

3. Isimiso Sokuthwebula Izithombe se-HUD

Njengamanje, ama-HUD amaningi asebenzisa izinjini ze-TFT optical (Iyunithi Yokukhiqiza Izithombe / PGU). Ngokusekelwe ezimisweni zokuthwebula izithombe ze-TFT, ukukhanya okuphuma ku-TFT PGU kukhanya oku-polarized. Okwamanje, ngenxa yezimpawu ze-engeli zikaBrewster, lapho ukukhanya kushaya i-windshield evela enjinini ye-TFT optical, ukukhanya okubonakala ebusweni be-4 be-windshield kuba ukukhanya kwe-S ngokuphelele, kuyilapho ukukhanya kwe-P kucinywa ngokuphelele. Ngenxa yalokho, kuzo zonke izixazululo zamanje ze-TFT HUD, ukukhanya oku-polarized okusetshenzisiwe ku- Ukukhanya kwe-S.

Ngaphandle kwezinjini ze-TFT optical, kunezixazululo ze-DLP kanye ne-LCoS:

• I-DLP: Isebenzisa umthombo wokukhanya onemibala emithathu ngakho-ke ayinazo izinkinga ze-polarisation.
• I-LCoS: Isebenzisa izimiso zekristalu eliwuketshezi ezifana ne-TFT, ngakho-ke ukukhanya okuphuma ku-LCoS nakho ku-S-polarized.

Ukuhlanganisa lezi zici ezintathu kwenza kucace ukuthi kungani ukugqoka izibuko zelanga ezinemibala egqamile kwenza kube nzima ukubona ama-HUD: isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi izibuko zelanga ezigobile zivimba ukukhanya kwe-S, okuyilona hlobo lokukhanya olukhishwa yi-HUDs.Ngakho-ke, lokhu kuyinselele engokwemvelo ebhekene cishe nawo wonke ama-TFT/LCoS HUD.

Okuhlukile: Izinjini ze-DLP optical zisebenzisa imithombo yokukhanya enemibala emithathu enomkhiqizo ongenayo i-polarized, engathinteki ngokwemvelo yizibuko zelanga ezine-polarized. Amamodeli ambalwa ezimoto aseqalile ukusebenzisa le ndlela.

Izixazululo Eziyisithupha Eziyinhloko Zobuchwepheshe

Ukuze kuxazululwe ukungavumelani phakathi kwama-HUD nezibuko zelanga ezimbozwe nge-polarized, uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwemikhiqizo embonini okwamanje luhlola izindlela eziningi zobuchwepheshe:

1. Shintshela ku-Non-Polarized Sunglasses

Indlela ephansi kakhulu nelula kakhulu yokuyisebenzisa, evame ukwamukelwa njengesivumelwano ngabakhiqizi bezimoto. Ukukhetha izibuko zelanga ezijwayelekile ezingenayo i-polarized kuvumela ukubuka okuvamile kwe-HUD. Inkinga: Ayinawo ama-glare filtration, inciphisa induduzo yokushayela emigwaqweni ekhanyayo.

2. Sebenzisa izibuko zelanga ezisebenza kahle kakhulu

Izindinganiso zikazwelonke zidinga ukuthi izibuko zelanga ezigobile zibe nokusebenza kahle kwe-polarisation okungaphezu kuka-95%, okusho ukuthi inani elincane lokukhanya lisakwazi ukudlula. Abashayeli bangakhetha izibuko zelanga ezisebenza kahle kwe-polarisation okuphansi kuyilapho abenzi bezimoto bekhulisa ukukhanya okuphezulu kwe-HUD ukuze babuyisele ukulahleka kokukhanya. Inzuzo: Akukho zinguquko zehadiwe yemoto ezidingekayo. Inkinga: Umphumela wokuthuthuka olinganiselwe.

3. Izinjini Zokubona Ze-DLP Ezisetshenziswayo

Izinjini ze-DLP optical zisebenzisa imithombo yokukhanya enemibala emithathu futhi azihlushwa yizinkinga ze-polarization. Uma imoto isebenzisa i-DLP HUD (isb., i-AR-HUD esanda kukhishwa yiLeapmotor), isekela izibuko zelanga ezi-polarized.

Inkinga: Izindleko eziphezulu zesethi yenjini ye-optical, okwenza kube nzima ukuyisebenzisa ngezinga elikhulu.

4. Injini ye-P-Light Optical + i-P-Nanofilm

Njengoba izibuko zelanga ezigobile zidlulisa ukukhanya kwe-P, umthombo wokukhanya we-HUD ungaguqulwa ube ukukhanya kwe-P ngenkathi ufaka ifilimu ye-P-light ngaphakathi noma ngaphakathi kwe-windshield. Lokhu kuphikisana nezici ze-engeli ze-Brewster ukuze kutholakale ukukhanya okuphezulu kwe-P-light. Ifilimu ingasetshenziswa/imbozwe kungqimba oluphakathi kwe-windshield noma ebusweni bangaphakathi (isb., i-BMW's Panoramic Vision HUD isebenzisa uhlelo olufanayo). Inkinga: Kudinga ukwethula i-P-film futhi kwandisa izidingo zokucubungula i-windscreen, okwengeza ubunzima bokusebenza kanye nezindleko.

5. Engeza ama-Phase Retardation Waveplates ku-Alter Polarization State

Faka ama-waveplate e-1/4 noma 1/2 phase retarder endleleni yokuqala ye-S-light optical. Ngokusebenzisa izakhiwo zezinto ze-birefringent, ingxenye ye-S-light iguqulwa ibe ukukhanya okujikelezayo, oku-elliptically, noma oku-P-polarized, okudala umphumela we-polarization oxubile. Amacala okukhiqiza ngobuningi asevele ekhona. Inkinga: Ukuguqulwa kokukhanya kubangela ukulahlekelwa ukukhanya, okudinga ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu ukuze kulungiswe.

6. Isendlalelo Esimbili Sekristalu Esiwuketshezi Sokulungiswa Kwe-Dynamic Polarization

Ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu obusekucwaningweni okwamanje ngaphandle kwezimoto zokukhiqiza ngobuningi okwamanje. Kufakwa ungqimba olwengeziwe lwekristalu oluwuketshezi ngaphakathi kwe-TFT PGU, oluhlala lulungisa i-engeli ye-polarization kusukela ku-0° kuya ku-180° ngokulawula i-voltage, ngokuzivumelanisa nezingilazi zelanga ezi-polarized kunoma iyiphi i-engeli.

Inkinga: Izindleko zehadiwe ziphezulu kakhulu.

Isiphetho

Isixazululo ngasinye esingenhla sihilela ukushintshana phakathi kokusebenza, ulwazi lomsebenzisi, ubuchwepheshe, izindleko, kanye nekhwalithi yokukhiqiza, yingakho ama-HUD amaningi ezimoto okwamanje engasekeli izibuko zelanga ezi-polarized. Njengoba amafilimu optical kanye nobuchwepheshe obusha bezinjini zokubonisa buqhubeka nokukhula, leli phuzu elibuhlungu lomsebenzisi kulindeleke ukuthi lixazululwe ngokugcwele esikhathini esizayo.